安装

mysql

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sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client

mysqladmin -u root password your-new-password
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

mariadb

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apt-get install mariadb-server

字符集修改utf8

如果装的mariadb, 默认字符集已经是utf8了。mysql则不是

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mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
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mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value             |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci   |
| collation_database   | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server     | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+

修改字符集：

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sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

添加以下内容

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[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

重启：

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service mysql restart

登录权限问题

Ubuntu18.04 安装mysql或者mariadb之后，发现普通用户和远程都没有权限连接。

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ERROR 1045: Access denied for user: 'root@localhost' (Using 
password: YES)

修改了密码也不对。然后sudo mysql -u root即可登录。这显然不是我们想要的。

解决方案

删除root，重新创建用户。

首先，登录

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sudo mysql -u root

然后查看当前用户

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SELECT User,Host FROM mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| User             | Host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| admin            | localhost |
| debian-sys-maint | localhost |
| magento_user     | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| root             | localhost |

删除root账号

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mysql> DROP USER 'root'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

重新创建root：

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mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

授权

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mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,01 sec)

关于重置密码

host为%时允许远程登录

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SET PASSWORD FOR root@'localhost' = PASSWORD('password');

or

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UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('newpwd') WHERE User='root';

or

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USE mysql
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
WHERE Host = 'localhost' AND User = 'root';

允许任何地方登录

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USE mysql
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
WHERE Host = '%' AND User = 'root';

参考